|
YEAR |
LAUREATES |
MOTIVATIONS |
| 2002 |
Daniel Kahneman (1934-),
USA and Israel |
"for having integrated
insights from psychological research into economic science,
especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under
uncertainty" |
| Vernon L. Smith (1927-),
USA |
"for having established
laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis,
especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms" |
| 2001 |
George A. Akerlof (1940-),
USA
A. Michael Spence (1943-), USA
Joseph E. Stiglitz (1943-), USA |
"for their analyses of
markets with asymmetric information" |
| 2000 |
James J. Heckman (1944-),
USA |
"for his development of theory
and methods for analyzing selective samples" |
| Daniel L. McFadden
(1937-), USA |
"for his development of theory
and methods for analyzing discrete choice" |
| 1999 |
Robert A. Mundell (1932-), Canada |
"for his analysis of
monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes
and his analysis of optimum currency areas" |
| 1998 |
Amartya Sen (1933-), India |
"for his contributions to
welfare economics" |
| 1997 |
Robert C. Merton (1944-), USA
Myron S. Scholes (1941-), USA |
"for a new method to
determine the value of derivatives" |
| 1996 |
James A. Mirrlees (1936-), U.K.
William S. Vickrey (1914-1996), USA |
"for their fundamental
contributions to the economic theory of incentives
under asymmetric information" |
| 1995 |
Robert E. Lucas Jr. (1937-),
USA |
"for having developed and
applied the hypothesis of rational expectations,
and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis
and deepened our understanding of economic policy" |
| 1994 |
John C. Harsanyi (1920-), USA
John F. Nash, Jr. (1928-), USA
Reinhard Selten (1930-), Germany |
"for their pioneering
analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative
games" |
| 1993 |
Robert William Fogel
(1926-), USA
Douglass C. North (1920-), USA |
"for having renewed
research in economic history
by applying economic theory and quantitative methods
in order to explain economic and institutional change" |
| 1992 |
Gary S. Becker (1930-), USA |
"for having extended the
domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range
of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour" |
| 1991 |
Ronald H. Coase (1910-), Great
Britain |
"for his discovery and
clarification of the significance of transaction costs
and property rights for the institutional structure and
functioning of the economy" |
| 1990 |
Harry M. Markowitz (1927-), USA
Merton H. Miller (1923-), USA
William F. Sharpe (1934-), USA |
"for their pioneering work
in the theory of financial economics" |
| 1989 |
Trygve Haavelmo (1911-1999),
Norway |
"for his clarification of
the probability theory foundations of econometrics
and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures" |
| 1988 |
Maurice Allais (1911-), France |
"for his pioneering
contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization
of resources" |
| 1987 |
Robert M. Solow (1924-), USA |
"for his contributions to
the theory of economic growth" |
| 1986 |
James M. Buchanan Jr.
(1919-), USA |
"for his development of
the contractual
and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political
decision-making" |
| 1985 |
Franco Modigliani (1918-), USA |
"for his pioneering
analyses of saving and of financial markets" |
| 1984 |
Sir Richard Stone
(1913-1991), Great Britain |
"for having made
fundamental contributions to the development of systems of
national accounts
and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic
analysis" |
| 1983 |
Gerard Debreu (1921-), USA |
"for having incorporated
new analytical methods into economic theory
and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general
equilibrium" |
| 1982 |
George J. Stigler
(1911-1991), USA |
"for his seminal studies
of industrial structures, functioning of markets
and causes and effects of public regulation" |
| 1981 |
James Tobin (1918-), USA |
"for his analysis of
financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions,
employment, production and prices" |
| 1980 |
Lawrence R. Klein (1920-), USA |
"for the creation of
econometric models
and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and
economic policies" |
| 1979 |
Theodore W. Schultz
(1902-1998), USA
Sir Arthur Lewis (1915-1990), United Kingdom |
"for their pioneering
research into economic development research
with particular consideration of the problems of developing
countries" |
| 1978 |
Herbert A. Simon (1916-), USA |
"for his pioneering
research into the decision-making process within economic
organizations" |
| 1977 |
Bertil Ohlin (1899-1979), Sweden
James E Meade (1907-1995), Great Britain |
"for their pathbreaking
contribution to the theory of international trade
and international capital movements" |
| 1976 |
Milton Friedman (1912-), USA |
"for his achievements in
the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory
and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization
policy" |
| 1975 |
Leonid Vitaliyevich
Kantorovich (1912-1986), USSR
Tjalling C. Koopmans (1910-1986), USA |
"for their contributions
to the theory of optimum allocation of resources" |
| 1974 |
Gunnar Myrdal (1898-1987), Sweden
Friedrich August von Hayek (1899-1992), Great Britain |
"for their pioneering work
in the theory of money and economic fluctuations
and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of
economic,
social and institutional phenomena" |
| 1973 |
Wassily Leontief
(1906-1999), USA |
"for the development of
the input-output method
and for its application to important economic problems" |
| 1972 |
Sir John R. Hicks
(1904-1989), Great Britain
Kenneth Joseph Arrow (1921-), USA |
"for their pioneering
contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare
theory" |
| 1971 |
Simon Kuznets (1901-1985), USA |
"for his empirically
founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new
and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and
process of development" |
| 1970 |
Paul A. Samuelson (1915-), USA |
"for the scientific work
through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory
and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in
economic science" |
| 1969 |
Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch
(1895-1973), Norway
Jan Tinbergen (1903-1994), The Netherlands |
"for having developed and
applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic
processes" |
